T.C.
YARGITAY
HUKUK GENEL KURULU
ESAS NO: 2017/12-1140
KARAR NO: 2018/563
KARAR TARİHİ: 28.3.2018
TEMİNAT SENEDİ OLARAK VERİLEN BONONUN ÖN VE ARKA YÜZÜNDE SADECE “TEMİNAT SENEDİDİR” İBARESİNİN YAZILI OLMASI , ANCAK NEYİN TEMİNATI OLDUĞU BELİRTİLMEMİŞSE KAMBİYO VASFINI VE KAMBİYO TAKİBİNİ ETKİLEMEZ.
Taraflar arasındaki “borca itiraz” isteminden dolayı yapılan yargılama sonunda Ankara Batı İcra (Hukuk) Mahkemesince itirazın kabulüyle takibin iptaline dair verilen 25.02.2014 gün ve 2013/873 E., 2014/159 K. sayılı kararın temyizen incelenmesinin alacaklı vekili tarafından istenilmesi üzerine Yargıtay 12. Hukuk Dairesinin 08.05.2014 gün ve 2014/11364 E., 2014/13598 K. sayılı kararı ile,
(…Borçlu hakkında bonoya dayalı olarak kambiyo senetlerine mahsus haciz yoluyla icra takibi yapılmış olup, borçlu süresi içinde icra mahkemesine başvurarak, takip dayanağı senedin teminat senedi olduğundan bahisle takibin iptaline karar verilmesini istemiştir.
Takip dayanağı bonoda “teminattır” ibaresinin bulunması, Dairemizin yerleşik içtihatları doğrultusunda neyin teminatı olduğu açıklanmadığı sürece, başlı başına senedin teminat senedi niteliğinde olduğunun kabulünü gerektirmez.
Somut olayda borçlu, senedin teminat olarak verildiğine ve borca itirazlarına dair İİK’nun 169/a maddesinde öngörülen ve takip hukuku açısından geçerli, yazılı bir belge de sunamadığı gibi dosyaya sunduğu araç satışına dair belgeler de alacaklı tarafından kabul edilmediğine göre mahkemece istemin reddi yerine kabulüne karar verilmesi isabetsizdir…)
gerekçesiyle ile bozularak dosya yerine geri çevrilmekle yeniden yapılan yargılama sonunda mahkemece önceki kararda direnilmiştir.
Hukuk Genel Kurulunca incelenerek direnme kararının süresinde temyiz edildiği anlaşıldıktan ve dosyadaki belgeler okunduktan sonra gereği görüşüldü:
KARAR : Talep borca itiraza ilişkindir.
Borçlu
Takibe konu senedin teminat senedi olduğunu ve buna dair şerhin senedin arkasında mevcut olduğunu, alacaklı ile aralarında 04.08.2013 tarihinde traktör alımı ile ilgili sözlü bir anlaşma yapıldığını, traktör bedeli olan 13.500,00 TL’nin 20.10.2013 tarihinde ödenmesi, …’in de bu tarihe kadar traktörün trafikle ilgili resmî işlemlerini tamamlayıp satışa hazır hâle getirmesi hususunda anlaşarak aralarında bir teminat senedi düzenlediklerini, traktörü devir almak için notere gittiklerinde trafikten men edilmiş olduğunun anlaşılması üzerine satışın yapılamadığını, mülkiyetinin hâlen …’e ait olduğunu, devrini alamadığı bir araç için ödeme yapmasının mümkün olmadığını ve borcunun bulunmadığını, …’le traktör alımı dışında başka bir ticari ilişkinin de mevcut olmadığını ileri sürerek takibin iptaline karar verilmesini istemiştir.
Alacaklı vekili
Takip dayanağı bononun arka yüzünde sadece “teminat senedidir” ibaresinin bulunmasının onun kambiyo senedi vasfını etkilemeyeceğini, Yargıtay içtihatlarına göre de bir senedin teminat senedi vasfını taşıyabilmesi için ya senet üzerinde neden teminat verildiği ya da ayrı bir belge ile söz konusu senedin teminat senedi olduğunun belirlenmesinin gerektiğini, takibe konu senedin teminat senedi olmayıp, alacaklı müvekkilin davacıya elden verdiği para borcunun karşılığı olarak düzenlendiğini, 19.09.2013 tarihli vekâletnamenin traktörü dilediği bedel ve şartlarda satması hususunda dava dışı İhsan Yılmaz’a verilmiş vekâletname olduğunu, vekâletnamede senetten bahsedilmediği gibi vekâletnamede davacının da taraf olmadığını savunarak şikâyetin reddi ile takip konusu alacağın %20 sinden az olmamak üzere tazminata mahkûm edilmesini istemiştir.
Yerel Mahkemece
takip konusu senedin arkasında “teminat senedidir” ibaresi yazılı olup takip konusu senedin kayıtsız ve şartsız belirli bir bedeli ödemek vaadini içermediği, alacağın varlığının kanıtlanmasının yargılamayı gerektirdiği gerekçesiyle şikâyetin kabulüyle takibin iptaline karar verilmiştir.
Alacaklı vekilinin temyizi üzerine karar, Özel Dairece yukarIda başlık bölümünde açıklanan gerekçelerle bozulmuştur.
Mahkemece 6102 Sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanununun 776/b maddesinde açıkça senedin “Kayıtsız ve şartsız belirli bir bedeli ödeme vaadini…” içermesi gerektiğinin belirtilmiş olması karşısında, “teminat senedidir” ifadesi taşıyan bir senedin kayıtsız ve şartsız olduğu söylenemeyeceği, alacağın varlığı ancak yargılama sonucu ortaya çıkacağından, kaldı ki teminat senedi olmayan bir senedin arkasına”teminat senedidir” ibaresinin yazılmış ve alacaklının da bu yazıyı görerek senedi kabul etmiş olması hâlinde bu senedin teminat senedi olmadığı ileri sürülemeyeceği gerekçesiyle direnme kararı verilmiştir.
Direnme kararını alacaklı vekili temyize getirmiştir.
Direnme yolu ile Hukuk Genel Kurulu önüne gelen uyuşmazlık; senette bulunan ‘Teminat Senedidir’ kaydının “neyin teminatı olduğu konusunda bir açıklık bulunmaması durumunda” senedin mücerretlik (soyutluk) niteliğini ortadan kaldırıp kaldırmayacağı, burada varılacak sonuca göre kambiyo senedinin geçerli olup olmayacağı, ayrıca bu kambiyo senedine karşı ileri sürülen bu tür bir iddianın ne şekilde ispat edilmesi gerektiği noktalarında toplanmaktadır.
Öncelikle takip dayanağı belgenin kambiyo senedi vasfını haiz olup olmadığı üzerinde durulmalıdır.
6102 Sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 776. maddesine göre bononun senet metninde “bono” veya “emre yazılı senet” kelimesi ve senet Türkçe’den başka bir dille yazılmışsa, o dilde bono veya emre yazılı senet karşılığı olarak kullanılan kelime, kayıtsız ve şartsız belirli bir bedeli ödemek vaadi, vade, ödeme yeri, kime veya kimin emrine ödenecek ise onun adı, düzenlenme tarihi ve yeri ile düzenleyenin imzası bulunmalıdır.
Bu çerçevede belirlilik (muayyenlik) kambiyo senetlerinin temel unsurlarından biridir. Tedavül kabiliyeti de dikkate alındığında, bononun bütün unsurlarının açık, net, yoruma elverişli olmayacak biçimde belirgin olması gerekir. Öztan’ın da ifade ettiği gibi poliçe ve bono keşidesi “şart kabul etmeyen” bir işlemdir (Öztan, F.: Kıymetli Evrak Hukuku, 2. b., Ankara 1997, s.451). Nitekim Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 777. maddesi zorunlu unsurları taşımayan senedin bono niteliğinde olmadığını belirttikten sonra vade, keşide ve ödeme yeri konusunda da yedek hukuk kuralı getirerek oluşabilecek boşlukları doldurmuş ve belirlilik ilkesini bu şekilde desteklemiştir. Avizo, bedel, faiz, protestodan muafiyet ve yetki şartı gibi kayıtların konulması kabul edilmekte ise de, illetten mücerretlik veya muayyenlik vasfını ortadan kaldıran kayıtların bono üzerine konması, onun kambiyo senedi vasfını ortadan kaldırır.
Yukarıda yapılan açıklamalar ve yasal düzenlemeler ışığında somut olay değerlendirildiğinde;
Takipte dayanılan 20.10.2013 vade tarihli ve 13.500,00 TL tutarlı bononun arka yüzünde “teminat senedidir” ibaresi bulunmaktadır. Bonoda teminat kaydı varsa da neyin teminatı olduğu belirtilmediğinden bu ibare bononun mücerrettik vasfını ortadan kaldırmaz. Bononun teminat amaçlı verildiğinin kabul edilebilmesi için, neyin teminatı olarak verildiğinin ya bononun önündeki veya arkasındaki yazılar veya ayrı bir belge (İİK’nun 169/a maddesinde öngörülen) ile teminat senedi olduğunun kanıtlanması gerekir. Nitekim Yargıtay Hukuk Genel Kurulunun 14.03.2001 gün ve 2001/12-233 E., 2001/257 K.; 20.06.2001 gün ve 2001/12-496 E., 2001/534 K.; 24.02.2010 gün ve 2010/19-67 E., 2010/99 K. sayılı kararlarında da aynı hususlar benimsenmiştir.
Hâl böyle olunca yerel mahkemece, Hukuk Genel Kurulunca da benimsenen Özel Daire bozma kararına uyulması gerekirken yanılgılı gerekçe ile önceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya aykırıdır.
pg 54สล็อตออนไลน์ แจกโปรฯดี เล่นเกมพร้อมเครดิตฟรี ได้กำไรไม่ยั้งแบบจัดเต็ม เล่นเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ แบบคุ้มๆได้เงินจนถึงมั่งมีได้ เกม PG ออนไลน์ที่ให้ได้มากกว่าที่อื่นๆ
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ラブドール 振動する膣を備えた汚い話のダッチワイフは、将来、本物の女性に取って代わる可能性があります
Al-Ahliyya Amman University
AAU Started providing academic services in 1990, Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU) was the first private university and pioneer of private education in Jordan. AAU has been accorded institutional and programmatic accreditation. It is a member of the International Association of Universities, Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World, Union of Arab Universities and Association of Arab Private Institutions of Higher Education. AAU always seeks distinction by upgrading learning outcomes through the adoption of methods and strategies that depend on a system of quality control and effective follow-up at all its faculties, departments, centers and administrative units. The overall aim is to become a flagship university not only at the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan level but also at the Arab World level. In this vein, AAU has adopted Information Technology as an essential ingredient in its activities, especially e-learning, and it has incorporated it in its educational processes in all fields of specialization to become the first such university to do so.
https://www.ammanu.edu.jo/
Al-Ahliyya Amman University
AAU Started providing academic services in 1990, Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU) was the first private university and pioneer of private education in Jordan. AAU has been accorded institutional and programmatic accreditation. It is a member of the International Association of Universities, Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World, Union of Arab Universities and Association of Arab Private Institutions of Higher Education. AAU always seeks distinction by upgrading learning outcomes through the adoption of methods and strategies that depend on a system of quality control and effective follow-up at all its faculties, departments, centers and administrative units. The overall aim is to become a flagship university not only at the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan level but also at the Arab World level. In this vein, AAU has adopted Information Technology as an essential ingredient in its activities, especially e-learning, and it has incorporated it in its educational processes in all fields of specialization to become the first such university to do so.
https://www.ammanu.edu.jo/
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นอกจากนี้ Fun88 ยังเป็นที่รู้จักในการแทงบอลออนไลน์ที่รวดเร็วและปลอดภัย ท่านสามารถเดิมพันในการแข่งขันฟุตบอลทั่วโลกที่ท่านชื่นชอบได้ทุกวัน มีทั้งการแทงบอลสดและการแทงก่อนแมตช์ให้ท่านเลือกเล่น ทั้งนี้ท่านยังสามารถเดิมพันในพูลบอลของ fun88 บ ญช เวปไซต เพื่อชิงรางวัลใหญ่ในทุกๆ รอบการแข่งขัน
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